Observations of the total eclipse of December 12, 1871 in Poodoocottah, Indonesia (Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei, vol. XXV, pp. 163-183)

During the solar eclipse occurred on December 1871 Lorenzo Respighi, one of the founding fathers of Italian astrophysics, showed that over the chromosphere there is another layer of gas which he called the upper chromosphere, regularly placed all around the Sun and much more rarefied and extended than the chromosphere hitherto known.